第一篇:2014高考语文作文押题指导 向名家学习写好高考作文的开头
向名家学习写好高考作文的开头
就考场作文来说,开头是作文在阅卷老师面前的第一次亮相,它将决定你所写的文章给阅卷老师所留下的第一印象。俗话说:“良好的开端是成功的一半。”第一印象好就意味着有了良好的开端,考场作文也就成功了一半。
考场作文的开头一定要有强烈的视觉冲击力和心灵的震撼力,这样的开头才会激起阅卷老师的兴趣,才会让阅卷老师肯定你的写作能力和写作水平。考场作文要想有这种视觉冲击力和心灵震撼力强的开头,考生在平时的作文训练中就要注意形成自己的写作风格和套路,考试时不要临时兴起乱写一通。
如果考生作文缺少个性,而时间上又来不及再去苦思冥想如何创新,这时不妨借鉴名家文章的开头,加以仿用,一样可以出奇制胜。下面笔者介绍几种名家开头方法,供考生在考场作文开头时借鉴。
一、“情感取胜”法
所谓“情感取胜”开头法,就是在文章开头以饱蘸深厚情感的笔调开头,以真挚的感情给阅卷老师以强烈的心灵震撼,赢得阅卷老师的青睐。这不是投机取巧走捷径,而是实实在在地落实高考考试大纲的写作要求,也就是“感情真挚,思想健康”。这是衡量考生作文内容的一条重要标准。“感情真挚”就是要求考生在文章中自然地表达真情实感,使感情的流露给人真实感、真诚感。
考生在文章中可以表现的感情多种多样,凡是能体现真善美的喜怒哀乐都可以作为文章的主题。考生可以根据高中学生的实际,从以下几个方面来表现:热爱自然、热爱家乡、热爱亲人、珍惜友情、仰慕英雄、同情弱者、嫉恶如仇等。
【名家范例】我们这些人,对清代总有一种复杂的情感阻隔。记得很小的时候,历史老师讲到“扬州十日”“嘉定三屠”时眼含泪花,这是清代的开始;而讲到“火烧圆明园”“戊戌变法”时又有泪花了,这是清代的尾声。年迈的老师一哭,孩子们也跟着哭,清代历史,是小学中唯一用眼泪浸润的课程。从小种下的怨恨,很难化解得开。(余秋雨《一个王朝的背影》)
【启示感悟】这个开头以个人经验引出对主题的阐述,让宏大的历史有了个人情感这个引入点,在感情上更为真挚感人。这段文字里面重要的关键词是“阻隔”“化解”,考生写作文时,这些词一定要用上,这也是余秋雨文章独特的地方。这些词让人有陌生感,陌生感又产生了新鲜感,但这种陌生感是有度的,放在文章中能够让人较快地理解。考生平时阅读文章甚至是做阅读题时,要注意积累这些词,这是提升作文档次非常重要的方法,也是快速
用心爱心专心 - 1 -
提高作文水平的有效途径之一。
【仿用程式】我们这些人,对??总有一种复杂的情感阻隔。记得很小的时候,??老师讲到??时??,年迈的老师??,孩子们也跟着??。??从小种下的??,很难化解得开。
【仿用实例】我们这些人,对过年总有一种复杂的情感阻隔。记得很小的时候,语文老师讲到“年关难过”“盼着有肉吃”时感慨万千。年迈的老师一感慨,孩子们也(更多请搜索Www.)跟着感慨。尽管这种感慨带着疑惑,但从小种下的情感,很难化解得开。
二、“情境创设”法
所谓“情境创设”开头法,就是考生作文时,根据文章主题表达的需要,运用再现生活的方式,描绘一个人物生活的生动情境,将读者带入文章描绘的那个富有情感、美感,蕴涵哲理的特定氛围(即情境)中,使读者跟随作者一道入境会意,触景生情,进而产生思想和情感的共鸣。
【名家范例】1965年的时候,一个孩子开始了对黑夜不可名状的恐惧(劈空而来,无缘无故而来)。我回想起了那个细雨飘扬的夜晚,当时我已经睡了,我是那么的小巧,就像玩具似的被放在床上。屋檐滴水所显示的,是寂静的存在,我的逐渐入睡,是对雨中水滴的逐渐遗忘。应该是在这时候,在我安全而又平静地进入睡眠时,仿佛呈现了一条幽静的道路,树木和草丛依次闪开。一个女人哭泣般的呼喊声从远处传来,嘶哑的声音在当初寂静无比的黑夜里突然响起,使我此刻回想中的童年颤抖不已。(余华《在细雨中呼喊》)
【启示感悟】冷静的语调,优美而精练的叙事语言,极富感染力。考生要注意文段中的四字结构短语,如“不可名状”“细雨飘扬”“逐渐入睡”“逐渐遗忘”“依次闪开”“寂静无比”“颤抖不已”等,四字结构短语让文段有一种阅读的节奏感。考生写作文时,注意多运用四字结构短语及成语。运用好的话,能使文章增色不少。
【仿用程式】??年的时候,一个孩子开始了??。我回想起了??。??所显示的,是??的存在,我的??,是对??的逐渐??。应该是在这时候,在我??,仿佛??。??,使我此刻回想中的??
【仿用实例】1994年的时候,一个孩子开始了对足球无可救药的喜爱。我回想起了那个蝉声低鸣的夜晚,当时我为巴乔射失点球而深深惋惜。电视转播所显示的,是巴西人和意大利人两种截然不同的存在,我的捶胸顿足,是对足球的逐渐痴迷。应该是在这时候,在我也流下泪水的时候,仿佛置身于大洋彼岸的玫瑰碗体育场,看着大力神杯近在眼前却又遥不可及。巴乔那无声的泪光闪烁,使我此刻回想中的足球都瘪了下去。
三、“现象→本质思索”法
“深刻”是高考语文《考试大纲》作文发展等级的第一条要求。考生作文时,运用“现
象→本质思索”法开头,就是落实“深刻”这一要求的最好方法之一。
马克思说,要透过现象看本质。所谓“透过现象看本质”,就是说我们看待客观事物不能只是停留在纷繁复杂的表象之上,而要找出事物的根本属性。一般来说,一种事物的根本特点、基本属性、内在规律等,都可以叫做“本质”。人们认识事物总是从现象入手;现象是本质的外在表现,本质是现象的理性概括。如果考生能透过现象的迷雾,作深入思考,对现象进行“去伪存真,去粗取精,由表及里,由此及彼”的加工,就能发掘出事物的本质来。具体到考场作文,比如考生写记叙文,记的是一个人、一件事、一处景物,但又不能局限于一个人、一件事、一处景物,而要着眼于对人物思想品质、精神世界和事件的意义、影响进行发掘:由点到面、由表及里、由现象到本质地揭示或印证某一规律,给人以启示,做到以小见大,见微知著。
所谓“现象→本质思索”开头法,就是考生在作文时将这种启示或感悟运用简明扼要的语言放在文章开头,用以统率全文。在议论文写作中,运用“现象→本质思索”法开头更能充分发挥这种方法的优势。因为议论文旨在在纷繁复杂的事物表象中,剥去现象的外壳,抓住问题的核心,探讨事物的内在属性,高屋建瓴地发表作者的观点。
【名家范例】就像工业废水破坏江河湖海的水质,就像氟利昂的挥发击穿臭氧层,过多的印刷品正以越来越国际化的装帧设计和出版速度推向市场,一个原本是狭小的阅读空间如今堆满了货物,而为阅读者留下的走廊仅容人侧身而过。乱世出英雄,乱书却让人无所适从,其压迫感使人手忙脚乱。有一次我在 ……此处隐藏9597个字……eacher and i get in harmony with each other by discussing my problems. with many colorful activities, all these really lead me a happy life.so, you see, it is working hard that really shows me a wonderful life.
4) i used to think that we study because it’s our duty. but now i realize that study leads me a happy life.
study can improve communication between me and my friends. i like to discuss with other people when i get in trouble. when we think about the problems and finally make out. i find friendship and warmth and no longer feel lonely.
on the other hand, hard work gives me a sense of achievement. when i got full marks, praised by the teachers. when i learned more english words and could talk with foreigner in some simple
sentences i feel so proud and my hard work paid off.
i’m a hard-working people and have a colorful life.
5) it is acknowledged that work is helpful to health from the scientist. for me, it’s purely right. working hard makes me enjoy a happy life. first, when i decide to study hard, i have faith that i will succeed. the hope in my mind makes me dynamic and my own life become colorful correspondingly. then i will take action. when i face a problem, i have hope to solve it, struggle with it and at last i must make it. this work gives me a sense of fulfillment and achievement. when i finish all the tasks, the sweetness of achievement is around me, which makes me enjoy my life.(巧妙使用原文)
thanks for work. thank it for brightening my life.
6) according to a study, work is helpful to health. in my opinion, work not only is helpful to health but also leads a happy life.(开门见山)
i’m a working lover. obviously, working gives me an opportunity to be busy and away from loneliness. for example, i always read a wide range of books to improve my knowledge and spend my free time. gradually, working helps to keep computer games and tv programs away form me. as puzzled by some problems in reality, i can also find solutions through working like looking up books and searching the internet. thus, i just work and work to enjoy my happy life.
it becomes more and more apparent that nobody can live without working. so i’ll go on working and expect a better life. (结尾点题)
7) according to a latest research, work is helpful to health. and i couldn’t agree more. work serves as a bridge between man and reality. by work, people come into contact with each other. by collective activities, they find friendship and warmth.
as a teenager, i have many things to do. the most important is studying. when i study i could get the precious knowledge which can make me grow swiftly. i prefer to read and i read every day, so that my mother said i should get married with books in the future. i couldn’t think of the life without books i enjoy reading because i read as if i am talking with the writers. i could share their happiness or hardship.
i work hard so i enjoy my happy life.(离题太远)